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Cao Văn Viên
Cao Văn Viên (December 21, 1921 – January 22, 2008) was a South Vietnamese soldier who served in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and rose to the position of Chairman of the South Vietnamese Joint General Staff.〔Butterfield, Fox. "The Communists Were Stunned, Too" ''The New York Times'' May 12, 1985〕〔(Holley, Joe. "Cao Van Vien, South Vietnam 4-Star General" ) ''The Washington Post'' January 30, 2008〕 Considered one of "the most gifted" of South Vietnam's military leaders,〔Moyar, ''Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954-1965'', 2006, p. 267.〕 he has been called "absolutely a key figure"〔Smith, Philip. "Key Vietnam Army Figure Becomes Citizen" ''Washington Post'' January 20, 1982〕 and one of "the most important Vietnamese military leaders"〔Sorley, ''A Better War: The Unexamined Victories and Final Tragedy of America's Last Years in Vietnam,'' 2007, p. 364.〕 in the U.S.-led fighting during the Vietnam War. Along with Trần Thiện Khiêm, he was one of only two four-star generals in the entire history of South Vietnam.〔Dawson, Alan ''55 Days: The Fall of South Vietnam'' New York: Prentice-Hall, 1978. ISBN 0-13-314476-3〕
==Early life==
Viên was born to Vietnamese parents in Vientiane, Laos, in December 1921.〔Tucker, Spencer, ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History'' Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 1998. ISBN 0-87436-983-5〕〔''Who's Who In Vietnam'' Saigon: Vietnam Press, 1967.〕〔Westmoreland, William Childs ''A Soldier Reports'' New York: Doubleday, 1976. ISBN 0-385-00434-6〕〔 His father was a merchant.〔 Hearing rumors of a gold rush in the Mekong Delta, he moved to what was then called Cochinchina to become a prospector.〔 Although he became a follower of Ho Chi Minh and fought as a guerrilla against French colonial rule, he soon concluded that Minh's movement was more communist than nationalist and joined independent fighter groups.〔 He was captured by the French, released, and enrolled at the University of Saigon where he obtained a bachelor's degree in French literature.〔〔 His schoolmate was Lâm Quang Thi.〔Lam, Quang Thi ''The Twenty-Five Year Century: A South Vietnamese General Remembers the Indochina War to the Fall of Saigon'' Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press, 2001. ISBN 1-57441-143-8〕
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